Evidence-based Homemade Mask Designs

1. 2-layered cotton Goldfish mask (modified Olson design) with nose piece and head elastic
2. 2-layered cotton Goldfish mask (modifed Olson design) with filter (2-ply H400), nose piece, head elastic
3. Halyard Whitney mask (Surgical mask design)
4. Halyard Patti mask with tie (KN95 design)
5. Halyard Patti mask with head elastic (KN95 design)
6. Halyard Goldfish mask with tie (modified Olson design)
7. Halyard Goldfish mask with head elastic (modified Olson design)
8. ASTM Level 1 Surgical mask with ear loop 
9. ASTM Level 2 Surgical mask with tie
10. ASTM Level 3 Surgical mask with tie
11. 3M 1860s N95 respirator (cup design)
12. 3M 1870+ N95 respirator (duckbill design)

*All Halyard masks were constructed with 3 layers of H400
*All masks used either the aluminum nose piece or a metal nose wire
*The Goldfish Mask modified the Olson Mask design to create an air-pocket in front of the nose and mouth to improve the mask's breathability

Results and Conclusion:

1. The reported particle filtration efficiency (PFE) for 0.02-0.06 micron ambient aerosols take into account both mask leakage and material filtration.
2. We compare the masks by reporting each mask's fit factor normalized to the 2-layered cotton mask with no filter. 

• A 2-layered cotton fabric mask is about 4X less protective compared to a Level 1-2 surgical mask (similar to other studies that report a 3-5X difference)
• Both the KN95 design (Patti Mask) and the modified Olson design (Goldfish Mask) performed better than the flat pleated surgical mask design (Whitney Mask).
• The use of head elastic instead of ties improved fit for the K95 Patti mask design
• The use of head elastic or ties did not make a significant difference on the modified Olson design (Goldfish Mask)
• A number of our Halyard designs (Patti Mask, Goldfish Mask) out-performed the ASTM Level 1-2 Surgical Mask (ear loop or tie).
• The Patti Mask with Elastic (based on the KN95 design from UF Health) performed similarly to the NIOSH approved N95 masks.
  
  
  Recommended Designs for Halyard masks:

1. The Patti Mask (KN95 design, modified Prototype 2 from UF Health)

• Small Patti Mask with tie for small-medium face
  Large Patti Mask with tie for large face
  - Fit Factor 27 (2.5-60) ~ Particle filtration efficiency 96% for 0.02-0.06micron ambient particles
  
  
• Patti Mask with head elastic for small-large face
  - Fit Factor 117 (9.6-200+) ~ Particle filtration efficiency 99% for 0.02-0.06micron ambient particles

For video instructions re: how to construct Prototype 2, please see the second half of this video! https://youtu.be/DZBbkn-g-vE

2. The Goldfish Mask (modified Roden Mask, modified Olson Mask)

- Fit Factor 40 (3.8-177) ~ Particle filtration efficiency 97% for 0.02-0.06micron ambient particles

• Goldfish Mask with tie  for medium-large face

• Goldfish Mask with Elastic for medium-large face

- Use same mask body as Goldfish Mask with Tie, but replace tie with 25" to 30" long elastic. We recommend 5mm - 1cm width elastic for a more stable fit.

Recommended Designs for Fabric masks:

1. Fabric Goldfish Mask with tie for Small, Medium, and Large face

- Fit Factor 28 (14-52) using a 2-layer halyard H400 filter
~ Particle filtration efficiency 96% for 0.02-0.06micron ambient particles

2. Fabric Goldfish Mask with Elastic for small, medium-large face

- Use same mask body as Fabric Goldfish Mask with Tie, but replace tie with 25" to 30" long elastic. We recommend 5mm - 1cm width elastic for a more stable fit.

- Fit Factor 36 (30-49) using a 2-layer halyard H400 filter
~ Particle filtration efficiency 97% for 0.02-0.06micron ambient particles

• Instructions for how to wear your Goldfish Cloth Mask with Halyard Filter
• Instructions for how to clean your Goldfish Cloth Mask with Halyard Filter

Alternative Designs that may have lower performance:

1. The Whitney Mask (Prototype 1 of UF Health Design)
   U of Florida Health’s Halyard H600 Sewn Masks, Prototypes 1*